Docking Prediction, Antifungal Activity, Anti-Biofilm Effects on Candida spp., and Toxicity against Human Cells of Cinnamaldehyde.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde on Candida spp. In vitro and in situ assays were carried out to test cinnamaldehyde for its anti-Candida effects, antibiofilm activity, effects on fungal micromorphology, antioxidant activity, and toxicity on keratinocytes and human erythrocytes. Statistical analysis was performed considering α = 5%. RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of cinnamaldehyde ranged from 18.91 µM to 37.83 µM. MIC values did not change in the presence of 0.8 M sorbitol, whereas an 8-fold increase was observed in the presence of ergosterol, suggesting that cinnamaldehyde may act on the cell membrane, which was subsequently confirmed by docking analysis. The action of cinnamaldehyde likely includes binding to enzymes involved in the formation of the cytoplasmic membrane in yeast cells. Cinnamaldehyde-treated microcultures showed impaired cellular development, with an expression of rare pseudo-hyphae and absence of chlamydoconidia. Cinnamaldehyde reduced biofilm adherence by 64.52% to 33.75% (p < 0.0001) at low concentrations (378.3-151.3 µM). Cinnamaldehyde did not show antioxidant properties. CONCLUSIONS: Cinnamaldehyde showed fungicidal activity through a mechanism of action likely related to ergosterol complexation; it was non-cytotoxic to keratinocytes and human erythrocytes and showed no antioxidant activity.

Promoção do uso racional de medicamentos no contexto dos 3º e 4º ciclos da educação de jovens e adultos / Promotion of the rational use of medicines in the context of the 3th and 4th cycles of youth and adult education / Promoción del uso racional de medicamentos en el context de los 3º y 4º ciclos de educación juvenil y adulta

Introdução: O alto consumo de medicamentos no Brasil impulsiona o desenvolvimento de estratégias para promoção do uso racional dos mesmos, especialmente em população mais vulneráveis. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil socioeconômico, demográfico e farmacoterapêutico dos alunos incluídos na presente pesquisa; bem como, promover atividades de educação em saúde.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, quantitativa e descritiva realizada com 33 alunos do terceiro e quarto ciclos do programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos de uma escola pública de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário, ficha de medicamentos e atividades de educação em saúde. Resultados:A maioria dos estudantes jovens e adultos com idade abaixo de 60 anos(75,7%), predominando o sexo feminino(69,6%)e parda(63,3%). Quase metade dos participantes é constituída de desempregados(45,5%). Parte dos alunos(39,9%) afirmaram ter renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. Para realização desse projeto foram efetuadas atividades que proporcionavam, através de metodologias ativas, a educação e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos e o autocuidado. Quanto ao perfil farmacoterapêutico observa-se interações medicamentosas entre anti-hipertensivos, hipoglicemiantes, anti-tireoidiano e medicamentos isentos de prescrição, apresentando presença de automedicação. As classes medicamentosas predominantes foram os analgésicos, anti-hipertensivos, anti-inflamatórios,antiácidos e hipoglicemiantes. Conclusões:O desenvolvimento de práticas educativas no âmbito da Educação de Jovens e Adultos incentivam o diálogo e a participação dos envolvidos, com grande potencial para ampliação do acesso às informações associadas ao autocuidado em saúde em suas famílias, escola e comunidade (AU).

Introduction:The high consumption of medicines in Brazil drives the development of strategies to promote their rational use, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Objective:Draw the socioeconomic, demographic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of the students included in this research; as well as promoting health education activities. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive epidemiological research carried out with 33 students from the third and fourth cycles of the Youth and Adult Education program of a public school in João Pessoa-PB. The data were collected through a form, medication form and health education activities. Results:The majority of young and adult students under the age of 60 (75.7%), predominantly female (69.6%) and brown (63.3%). Almost half of the participants are unemployed (45.5%). Part of the students (39.9%) said they had a monthly income of up to one minimum wage. In order to carry out this project, activities were carried out that provided, through active methodologies, education and promotion of the rational use of medicines and self-care. Regarding the pharmacotherapeutic profile, drug interactions are observed between antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, anti-thyroid agents and non-prescription drugs, with the presence of self-medication. The predominant drug classes were analgesics, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatories, antacids and hypoglycemic agents. Conclusions:The development of educational practices within the scope of Youth and Adult Education encourages dialogue and the participation of those involved, with great potential for expanding access to information associated with self-care in health in their families, school and community (AU).

Introducción: El alto consumo de medicamentos en Brasil impulsa el desarrollo de estrategias para promover su uso racional, especialmente en las poblaciones más vulnerables. Objetivo:Dibujar el perfil socioeconómico, demográficoy farmacoterapéutico de los estudiantes incluidos en esta investigación; así como promover actividades de educación para la salud. Metodología:Esta es una investigación epidemiológica transversal, cuantitativa y descriptiva realizada con 33 estudiantes del tercer y cuarto ciclo del programa de Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos de una escuela pública en João Pessoa-PB. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario, formulario de medicamentos y actividades de educación para la salud.Resultados:La mayoría de los estudiantes jóvenes y adultos menores de 60 años (75.7%), predominantemente mujeres (69.6%) y marrones (63.3%). Casi la mitad de los participantes están desempleados (45,5%). Parte de los estudiantes (39.9%) dijeron que tenían un ingreso mensual de hasta un salario mínimo. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se llevaron a cabo actividades que proporcionaron, a través de metodologías activas, educación y promoción del uso racional de medicamentos y autocuidado. En cuanto al perfil farmacoterapéutico, se observan interacciones farmacológicas entre fármacos antihipertensivos, agentes hipoglucemiantes, agentes antitiroideos y medicamentos sin receta, con presencia de automedicación. Las clases de drogas predominantes fueron analgésicos, antihipertensivos, antiinflamatorios, antiácidos y agentes hipoglucemiantes. Conclusiones:El desarrollo de prácticas educativas en el ámbito de la educación de jóvenes y adultos fomenta el diálogo y la participación de los involucrados, con un gran potencial para ampliar el acceso a la información asociada con el autocuidado en salud en sus familias, escuelas y comunidades (AU).

Cariogenicity of original and fruit juice-added soy beverages / Cariogenicidade de bebidas de soja originais e acrescidas de sucos de fruta

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cariogenic potential of soy-based drinks available in the Brazilian market. METHODS: Three soy-based beverages from different trademarks (Ades®, Mais Vita® and Sollys®) were evaluated. For each brand, 04 flavors were analyzed (original, pineapple, orange and grape juices). Total Soluble Solid Content (TSSC), Reducing Sugars (RS), Non-reducing Sugars (NRS) and Total Sugars (TS) contents were assessed. Analyses were performed in triplicate. Data gathered underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA), and type I error (α) was set at 0.05. RESULTS: TSSC values ranged between 8.25 and 15.00 ºBrix for all samples. There were no differences in TSSC levels between original and fruit juice-added soy drinks. RS have not been detected in any of the original soy beverages. Concerning to the drinks containing fruit juices, Mais Vita® grape significantly revealed the highest RS levels (P<0.05). For NRS and TS, analyses indicated Ades® and Mais Vita® original contain levels significantly (P<0.05) lower than the corresponding fruit juice-added drinks. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in TSSC values between original and fruit juice-added soy drinks and most beverages containing fruit-juices presented higher levels of TS and sucrose when compared to the original soy drink, what might lead to an increased cariogenic potential.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o potencial cariogênico de bebidas à base de soja disponíveis no mercado brasileiro. METODOLOGIA: Três bebidas de soja de diferentes marcas comerciais (Ades®, Mais Vita® e Sollys®) e sabores (original, abacaxi, laranja e uva) foram analisadas. Verificaram-se os Teores de Sólidos Solúveis Totais (TSST) e de Açúcares Redutores (AR), Não-redutores (ANR) e Totais (AT). As análises foram realizadas em triplicata e os dados submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA), com erro α de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os valores TSST variaram de 8,25 a 15,00 ºBrix para todas as amostras, não havendo diferenças entre as bebidas originais e as acrescidas de sucos de fruta. Não foram detectados AR nas amostras de bebidas originais. Quanto às formulações contendo sucos de fruta, o Mais Vita® uva apresentou os mais altos níveis de AR (P<0,05). Quanto à ANR e AT, Ades® e Mais Vita® Originais revelaram teores significantemente menores que as bebidas acrescidas de sucos de fruta (P<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença no TSST entre as bebidas de soja originais e as acrescidas de sucos de fruta. A maioria das formulações contendo suco de fruta apresentou teores mais altos de AT e sacarose quando comparados à respectiva bebida original, o que pode resultar em um maior potencial cariogênico do produto.

Cariogenic and erosive potential of industrialized fruit juices available in Brazil

Aim: This in vitro study evaluated the cariogenic and erosive potential of different industrialized fruit juices available in the Brazilian market. Methods: Twenty-five samples of fruit juices were analyzed physically and chemically by means of the following parameters: pH, titratable acidity(TA) and total soluble solid content (TSSC), reducing sugars (e.g.: glucose), non-reducing sugars (e.g.: sucrose) and total sugars. The analyses were made in triplicate. Data were collected by a single examiner and were recorded in study-specific charts. Data were statistically analyzed by A NOVA and Tukey’s post-test (p<0.05). Results: All fruit juices showed pH below the critical value of 5.5, with significant differences among the samples (p<0.0001). Mango juice (Jandaia®)presented the lowest TSSC (10.25 oBrix), while orange juice (Del Valle®) presented the highest TSSC (12.75 oBrix), with no significant differences among the samples. The lowest and the highest TA values were recorded for cashew juice (Jandaia®) (0.13%) and passion fruit (Del Valle®)(0.52%), respectively (p<0.0001). For reducing sugars (glucose), the highest value was recorded for purple fruit juice (Skinka®) (10.85 g/100mL) and the lowest was recorded for strawberry juice(Kapo®) (1.84 g/100mL). Regarding non-reducing sugars (sucrose), the values ranged from0.45 g/100mL (passion fruit/Del Valle®) to 9.07 g/100mL (orange/Del Valle®). Purple fruit juice(Skinka®) presented the highest total sugars content (12.09 g/100mL), while guava juice (Jandaia®)presented the lowest content (7.25 g/100mL). There were significant differences among the samples for reducing, non-reducing and total sugars (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The industrialized fruit juices evaluated in this study presented low pH and high total sugar content, differing in their erosive and cariogenic potential, respectively.

Avaliação do Potencial Erosivo de Bebidas à Base de Soja / Evaluation of Erosive Potential of Soy-Based Drinks

Avaliar o pH, a acidez total titulável (ATT) e o teorde sólidos solúveis totais (TSST) de bebidas prontas à basede soja. Material Método: A amostra foi composta por 12diferentes bebidas (9 sucos e 3 leites). O pH foi determinadopor potenciometria, enquanto a acidez titulável foi analisadapor titulação. Para a avaliação do TSST utilizou-se orefratômetro de Abbé. Os testes foram realizados em triplicata.Os dados foram organizados com o Software Epi Info versão3.5.1 e submetidos à análise descritiva (média e desviopadrão).Resultados: Todos os sucos apresentaram pHendógeno inferior ao considerado crítico para dissolução doesmalte dentário. O menor valor do pH foi registrado para oAdes Abacaxi® (3,94) e o maior para o Sollys Original®(7,15). Com relação à acidez total, o menor valor foi obtidopara o Ades Original® (0,04) enquanto a maior foi para oSollys Uva® (0,33). O menor valor de Brixº foi encontradopara a amostra de Ades Original® (8,0) e o maior para o MaisVita Uva® (15,0). Conclusão: Todos os sucos analisadosapresentam pH abaixo do considerado crítico, demonstrandopotencial erosivo aos tecidos dentários...

Objective: To evaluate the endogenous pH, titratable acidity(TA) and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of soy-baseddrinks. Material and Methods: Twelve samples of soy-baseddrinks (9 juices and 3 milks) were analyzed. The endogenouspH was evaluated by potentiometry, titratable acidity wasevaluated by the addition of 0.1N KOH increments to themouthwashes, and TSSC readings were performed by Brixrefractometry using the Abbé refractometer. The soy-baseddrinks were evaluated with 3 measurements for each sample,and the mean of the three values was recorded. Data werecollected by a single examiner, recorded in study-specificcharts and were analyzed statistically by Epi-Info software(mean and standard deviation). Results: All soy-based juicesshowed pH below the critical value of 5.5. Ades Abacaxi®presented the lowest pH (3.94), while Sollys Original®presented the highest pH (7.15). Regarding the titratableacidity, the lowest mean (0.04) to Ades Original® while SollysUva® showed the highest mean (0.33). The lowest TSSC(8.0) was to Ades Original®, while the highest TSSC (15.0)to Mais Vita Uva®. Conclusion: The industrialized soy-basedjuices evaluated in this study have a high erosive potentialand may be potentially erosive to the dental tissues...